Abstract: Data acquisition and control technology is the core of buoy observation systems. Combined with wireless communication technology, a buoy data acquisition and control system based on the Internet of Things is proposed, and a communication controller and data fusion acquisition system based on socket protocol is developed. This system can implement the registration and management of sensors through software configuration, solving the shortcomings of bus based data acquisition and control technology in terms of sensor scalability and plug-and-play. The networking test results show that the accuracy rate of data transmission and reception in the system network reaches 100%, and the average data reception rate in the remote data center is greater than 98.3%, suggesting the system has advantages such as stable data reception, low complexity of observation system expansion, and low power consumption of newly added hardware, and thus has good prospect in the application of marine buoy observation system.