Abstract: The 90°E Ridge is the longest Lineament in the world, which is developed in the Eastern Indian Ocean and crosses the equator southward from the Bengal sedimentary fan to the Brocken Ridge in the south of the Indian Ocean. The formation mechanism of seamounts is related to the multi-stage evolution of the East Indian Ocean from Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic. Because its length across the equator is more than 5 000 kilometers, and the tectonic background of different regions in the north and south is more complex, the geophysical characteristics of different segments are also different. The paper analyzes geological and geophysical data such as the morphology, shallow structure, gravity and magnetism, crustal thickness, and ocean floor age of different sections of the ridge, and combines them with the evolution history of seafloor expansion in the Eastern Indian Ocean to explore the genetic mechanisms of different sections of the ridge. The results show that the formation of the 90°E Ridge is related to many factors, such as intraplate hot spot activity, mantle plume mid ocean ridge interaction, plate expansion and the transition of the expansion center, as well as transform faults, and is the result of multiple geological processes and geological processes. The ridge to the north of 2°N may be formed in the interior of Indian Plate far away from the expansion center, which is related to intraplate volcanism; The part to the south of 18°S was formed near the boundary transform fault between Indian Plate and Antarctica Plate; The central region between 2°N and 18°S is the most complex, and it is speculated that the formation of the middle section is influenced by factors such as the interaction between the Kerguelen hotspot and the Wharton spreading ridge, as well as multiple ridge jumps below the ridge. Analysis suggests that the middle section of the ridge is a key area for in-depth understanding of the genetic mechanism of the ridge, solving major scientific problems such as structural evolution and dynamic mechanisms of the ridge, and interactions between ridge and mantle plume. In the future, the only way to solve the above major scientific problems is to carry out geophysical survey and drilling work in the middle of the ridge, enrich the comprehensive geophysical data in the middle of the ridge, and reveal the material composition and formation age of rocks at different locations in the middle of the ridge.