Abstract: The modern Huanghe delta has experienced frequent shifts in its terminal channels, resulting in complex scouring and silting processes that have shaped the submarine topography of the subaqueous delta. However, since the diversion at Qing 8 in 1996, the channel has gradually stabilized. Coupled with the periodic implementation of water-sediment regulation projects, the flux of water and sediment into the sea has become more consistent year on year. Consequently, the high variability in subaqueous delta topography caused by earlier channel shifts has undergone fundamental changes. Based on multi-period bathymetric data from 1964 to 2020 and combined with the stretched exponential function, this study systematically quantifies the scouring and silting patterns, as well as the equilibrium profile characteristics, of the modern Huanghe subaqueous delta. The findings are as follows: During active channel periods, the Diaokou River mouth area experienced rapid siltation, leading to significant elevation of the surrounding submarine topography, with a maximum uplift of approximately 3 metres. After channel abandonment, the area underwent rapid erosion, with a maximum erosion depth exceeding 6 metres. By constructing a double exponential model, it was determined that the bathymetric profile of the sedimentation-dominated area, represented by the current river mouth, typically exhibits a “gentle nearshore slope-sharp mid-section decline-stable offshore zone” pattern. Within 35–40 km offshore, the water depth often drops by more than 5 m. In contrast, the erosion-dominated area near the Diaokou River mouth displays a “double-steep slope” bathymetric profile. Influenced by different scouring and silting environments, the average baseline water depth in the northern erosion area (22.54 m) is significantly greater than that in the eastern sedimentation area (15.59 m). Channel shifts and sharp reductions in water and sediment discharges are the main factors that influence topographic changes in the subaqueous deltas. Regional hydrodynamic scouring plays a significant role in reshaping the nearshore bathymetry, and sediment consolidation and subsidence further accelerate the process of nearshore erosion. Therefore, clarifying the scouring-silting dynamics and equilibrium profile characteristics of the Huanghe subaqueous delta is crucial not only for understanding the delta’s evolutionary processes, but also for providing theoretical guidance for managing geological hazards such as coastal erosion.