Improved Methods for Extraction and Cleanup of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins From Mussel Hepatopancreas

The ultimate goal of this study is to develop simple and effective methods for extraction and cleanup of PSP toxins from the hepatopancreas of mussels.Different extraction procedures using 1\% acetic acid were tested,including 3 time periods vs sonication at 13^\circ\mathrmC; results were compared to extraction in 0.1\mathrmmmol/\mathrmL\mathrmHCl at 76^\circ\mathrmC for 10 min.Cleanup is required to remove impurities that contaminate separation columns in the process of purification.Cleanup procedures were tested on the extracts obtained using the best extraction procedure.Recovery percentage is reported relative to this treatment.The results showed that dichloromethane \left (\mathrmCH_2\mathrmCl_2\right) exhibited better clean-up effect than n-butanol,increasing recovery rates to 104\%\sim 151\%.Impurities in the \mathrmCH_2\mathrmCl_2-cleaned-up extract could be removed further by activated carbon adsorption-desorption method.After this step,some toxins reduced somewhat,but the recovery rates of most of PSP toxins were from 80\% to 112\%.