Abstract: Shoal-channel system is a common estuarine geomorphic unit. Its evolution process directly dominates the channel stability and tidal flat utilization. Based on historical bathymetric charts, Landsat remote sensing images, fluvial water and sediment discharge records and the discharge diversion ratios, this study explored the shoal-channel evolution process of upper reach of the North Branch during 1992-2022. The results showed that Chongtou Shoal and Xinyue Shoal exhibit an average annual siltation of 0.32 km² and 0.25 km², respectively, with over 50% of siltation occurring during 2000-2003. The channel of the Chongtou Shoal experienced significant erosion during 2000-2008, with the volume enlarging by exceeding 50%; while the channel of the Xinyue Shoal changed relatively small. Landward sediment transport from the sea to the North Branch driven by tidal current supports siltation of the Chongtou and Xinyue Shoals, while fluvial sediment supply has a slight contribution; The curved channel pattern around the Qinglong Port and tidal surge are responsible for the Xinyue Shoal siltation, During the flood season, the ebb and flow of tidal currents are responsible for the Chongtou Shoal siltation. Due to Coriolis force and shoal expansion, flood current flows to the north and generates flood channel in dry season, and thus the North Branch s is featured by "channel erosion and shoal siltation" .