广西金鼓江红树林空间分布动态变化研究

Study on Dynamic Changes of Mangrove Spatial Distribution in the Jingujiang River, Guangxi

  • 摘要: 红树林动态变化及其驱动因素是当前红树林生物地貌研究的重要内容。本文以广西金鼓江感潮河段为研究区,将现场勘查与基于Google Earth Engine平台的遥感影像解译结合,进而分析金鼓江感潮段1987—2021年红树林的时空演变过程。研究结果表明:①金鼓江自海向陆依次分布“桐花树+秋茄”“海漆-桐花树+秋茄”“海漆-桐花树+秋茄+白骨壤-老鼠簕”红树林群落,群落种群结构与龄级结构单一。②1987—2021年间,金鼓江红树林总面积减少36%,其中金鼓江河口段、玉垌根江与下埠江区域呈持续减少趋势;望鸦江区域在1987—2000年增加20.89 hm2,2000—2021年减少13.74 hm2。③围塘养殖、城市建设等人类活动直接侵占红树林地,工程措施改变区域生境如沉积物粒度与孔隙度,影响红树林群落龄级结构的变化,进而导致红树林退化。研究结果为河口红树林保育与生态修复提供部分理论依据。

     

    Abstract: Understanding of the dynamic changes in mangrove and associated driven factors is significant for the present international studies of mangrove biogeomorphology. Here, the temporal and spatial processes of the mangrove forest between 1987-2021 over the tidal-reach of the Jingujiang River Estuary were analyzed by combination of field survey and remote sensing images decomposition based on Google Earth Engineer platform. The results can be shown as follows: ①The distribution in mangrove communities of this tidal reach from sea to land exhibited a distinct mode in turn of “mixture of Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia obovata”→“mixture of Excoecaria agallocha, Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia obovata”→“mixture of Excoecaria agallocha, Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia obovate, and Avicennia marina”, which can be characterized by simple population structure with similar age-classcompositi.on. ② The total area of the mangrove forests along the Jingujiang River has decreased by 36% in recent decades. Meanwhile, mangroves that located at areas of the Jingujiang River Estuary, sections of Yudonggenjiang River and Xiabujiang River remained lasting reduction. However, the mangrove area of the Wangyajiang River had net gain of 20.89 hm2 from 1987 to 2000, and net loss 13.74 hm2 from 2000 to 2021. ③Human activities and engineering measures such as pond culture and urban construction have changed the regional habitats such as sediment granularity and porosity, which affecting the age structure of mangrove communities and directly led to the degradation of mangrove forests. The results can benefit to estuarine mangrove conservation and ecological restoration.

     

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