极端浪对Stokes漂流的影响

The Impact of Extreme Waves on Stokes Drift

  • 摘要: 本文利用WRF模型提供的10 m高度的风场数据,驱动第三代海浪模型SWAN进行波浪模拟,成功模拟了台风“安攀”影响下的海浪场景。将风场与海浪场模拟结果分别与HY-2B 卫星散射计数据以及Jason-3卫星高度计的观测结果进行对比验证显示,WRF 模式能较好地模拟“安攀”台风的发展、演变以及登陆过程,为SWAN模型模拟孟加拉湾台风浪提供精细化的风场驱动。运用此结果深入研究了2020年孟加拉湾 “安攀”台风期间由波浪引发的Stokes漂流及其影响的特征。结果显示,该台风在研究区域产生了强烈的气旋和巨大的台风浪,最大风速达到65 m/s,最低气压为940 hPa,最大有效波高达到16 m。由台风浪引起的Stokes漂流超过0.9 m/s,Stokes影响深度超过20 m,Stokes输运强度达到7 m2/s。此外,台风期间10 m风速、波浪有效波高、Stokes漂流速度、Stokes影响深度和Stokes输运的空间分布与台风移动路径高度相关,沿台风移动路径的分布显示出明显的经向不对称性,台风路径右侧的强度大于左侧。

     

    Abstract: This paper utilizes the wind field data at a height of 10 meters provided by the WRF model to drive the third-generation wave model SWAN for wave simulation, successfully simulating the wave scenario under the impact of Typhoon “Amphan”. The simulation results of the wind field and wave field are compared and verified with the observational results from the HY-2B satellite scatterometer data and the Jason-3 satellite altimeter. The comparison shows that the WRF model can well simulate the development, evolution, and landfall process of Typhoon “Amphan”, providing detailed wind field driving for the SWAN model to simulate the typhoon waves in the Bay of Bengal. This result is used to further study the characteristics of Stokes drift induced by waves during the Typhoon “Amphan” in the Bay of Bengal in 2020. The results show that the typhoon generated intense cyclonic activity and huge typhoon waves in the study area, with maximum wind speeds reaching 65 m/s, the lowest atmospheric pressure at 940 hPa, and the maximum significant wave height up to 16 m. The Stokes drift caused by the typhoon waves exceeded 0.9 m/s, with the Stokes influence depth surpassing 20 m, and the maximum Stokes transport reaching 7 m²/s. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the 10 m wind speed, significant wave height, Stokes drift speed, Stokes influence depth, and Stokes transport during the typhoon period is highly related to the path of the typhoon. The distribution along the path of the typhoon shows a clear transverse asymmetry, with the intensity on the right side of the typhoon path being greater than on the left.

     

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