涌浪影响海洋飞沫生成的实验研究

Experimental Study of the Effects of Swell on Sea Spray Generation

  • 摘要: 海洋飞沫在海气之间的动量、热量以及物质交换过程中发挥着重要作用。海洋飞沫的参数化估计依赖于海洋飞沫生成函数,然而现有海洋飞沫生成函数对相同风速下海洋飞沫生成量的估计值相差高达6个数量级。在已有的研究中,海洋飞沫生成函数多数只考虑了风速的作用,波浪的作用往往被忽略,这是导致海洋飞沫估计量相差很大的原因之一。本文利用风-浪-流多功能实验水槽和海上观测平台,开展了有、无涌浪情况下海洋飞沫生成量的对比实验,研究涌浪对海洋飞沫生成量的影响。水槽实验结果表明,单纯吹风实验海洋飞沫生成量为5.49×104 m−2∙s−1,当考虑涌浪时,海洋飞沫生成量最大降到1.39×104 m−2∙s−1,海洋飞沫生成量减少近3/4。即与风浪同向的涌浪抑制了波浪破碎的产生,从而减少了海洋飞沫生成量,并且在本实验中波高基本相同,随着波长的增加,即波陡的减少,海洋飞沫生成量也随之减少。外海观测数据同样显示涌浪可以使得海洋飞沫生成量减少,两类实验证实涌浪可以抑制海洋飞沫的生成。本研究结果有助于海洋飞沫参数化方案的改进。

     

    Abstract: Sea spray plays an important role in the air-sea momentum flux, heat flux and material flux. However, the differences among the sea spray generation rate estimated with different sea spray generation functions can reach up to six orders under the same wind speed condition. In previous studies, the wind speed was considered as the major factor in sea spray generation, while the wave effect was mostly ignored. This is probably one of the reasons responsible for the huge difference in the estimation of sea spray generation. In this paper, laboratory experiments are carried out in a wind-wave-current tank to measure the sea spray flux under wind only condition and wind with mechanical wave condition, respectively. The results show that the sea spray flux F under wind only condition is 5.49×104 m−2∙s−1. When the mechanical waves is considered, the sea spray flux F reduces significantly to 1.39×104 m−2∙s−1, ocean droplet generation was reduced by nearly three quarters. Moreover, the sea spray flux F decreases as wave length of mechanical waves increases, that is, the swell with the same direction as the wind wave reduces the wave breaking, thus reduces the sea spray generation. In situ observation data also indicate that the swell can reduce sea spray generation significantly. Laboratory experiments prove that swell suppresses the sea spray generation. These findings can help to improve the parameterization scheme of the sea spray.

     

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