船舶表面三维信息获取方法与实现

Ship Surface Three-Dimensional Information Acquisition Method and Implementation

  • 摘要: 船舶表面三维信息可全方位展示船舶的形状、结构,便于搭载设备的设计、安装及船舶维护。倾斜摄影测量和三维激光扫描技术虽均可获取目标表面三维信息,但单一数据获取技术尚存在表面信息覆盖不全的缺陷。为实现技术互补,提出了一种机载和地面基站多视角协同的船舶表面三维信息综合测量方案。船舶顶部信息可采用无人机倾斜摄影测量或无人机载激光扫描方式获取,船舶侧面及底部信息采用地面基站三维激光扫描方式获取。各站点之间数据通过标靶控制点进行配准。以“向阳红18”船为例开展了试验,结果表明:无人机倾斜摄影测量点云坐标的平均偏差和标准差分别为0.133和0.127 m,地面基站三维激光扫描点云坐标的平均偏差和标准差分别为0.040和0.018 m;船舶表面点云总体偏差和标准差分别为0.087和0.091 m;基于船舶表面点云数据,测量船舶的总长、型深和型宽与官方数值误差较小,分别为0.069、0.125和0.143 m。试验验证了倾斜摄影测量和激光扫描技术融合对船舶表面三维信息获取的有效性,可为其他类似目标的表面三维信息获取提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Three-dimensional information of ship surfaces can show the shape and structure of ship surface in all directions, which is convenient for the design, installation and ship maintenance of on-board equipment. By using oblique photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning techniques, one can acquire 3D information of the targeted surface. However, the single data acquisition technique still suffers from the problem of incomplete coverage of the surface information. In order to achieve technological complementarity, a multi-view synergistic integrated measurement scheme of ship surface 3D information from airborne and ground base stations is proposed. The information on the top of the ship can be obtained by using UAV oblique photogrammetry or UAV-borne laser scanning, and the information on the side and bottom of the ship is obtained by using terrestrial laser scanners. The data among the sites are registered by control points. The experiment takes the vessel “Xiangyanghong 18” as an example, the average deviation and standard deviation of the point cloud coordinates of the UAV oblique photogrammetry are 0.133 m and 0.127 m, respectively. And, the average deviation and standard deviation of the point cloud coordinates of the terrestrial laser scanner are 0.040 m and 0.018 m, respectively. The overall deviation and standard deviation of the ship surface point cloud are 0.087 m and 0.091 m, respectively. The overall length, depth and breadth of the ship based on the ship surface point cloud measurements have small errors from the official values, which are 0.069 m, 0.125 m and 0.143 m, respectively. The effectiveness of the fusion of oblique photogrammetry and laser scanning techniques for the acquisition of three-dimensional information on ship surfaces is verified. The same approach can be used to obtain surface 3D information for other similar targets.

     

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