Abstract: In the context of global change, sandy beaches on islands are generally subject to different degrees of erosion. Among them, human activities have surpassed natural factors and become the main driving force affecting the stability of island beaches. Effectively identifying the main factors affecting the evolutionary pattern of island beaches is of great significance to the protection of island beaches. In this paper, based on the 1964 digital topography map, 11 remote sensing images during the period 1984-2022, and data of two in situ surveys of beach topography and bathymetry of its surrounding sea areas in 2016 and 2022, the dynamic changes of the shoreline, erosion-deposition pattern of sandy beaches and their driving forces of Ma Island, Hainan are explored by using a 3S technology. Our results show that the stability of the Ma Island beaches has been significantly altered in the past 60 years by typical human activities such as channel excavation and pier construction. The shorelines of the south and north sides advanced seaward by 0.10 km and 0.06 km respectively, and the total shoreline length of this island increased from 5.33 km to 8.29 km, with a growth rate of 0.05 km/a; the area of the island increased from 63.14 hm² to 87.72 hm², with a growth rate of 0.42 hm²/a. The northern part of the beach is in a weakly erosional state, with a scouring depth generally less than 1 m; in contrast, the beaches in the south of the island is in dynamic equilibrium, with topographic changes ranging from −1 m to 1 m. Human activities have significantly changed the natural evolution of the beaches, the seabed around the northeastern region of the Ma Island is in a state of siltation, with an average siltation thickness of about 1 m, and the maximum siltation thickness up to 3 m, which is located in the area where the bridge is proposed to be constructed. Due to the terrain changing, the water depth of the sea area at the eastern break of Ma Island were 3-6 m deeper than that before the excavation. The results presented here can provide a scientific basis for the protection, development and utilization of islands worldwide.