Abstract: To meet the demands of large-scale synchronous underwater acoustic monitoring, a comprehensive solution integrating distributed system clock synchronization and underwater acoustic monitoring was proposed. The scheme employs the IEEE1588v2 PTP protocol and GNSS timing synchronization technology to achieve precise clock synchronization across distributed nodes. In terms of software development, the underwater acoustic monitoring software is developed, and the underwater acoustic recognition is carried out by convolutional neural network model. Evaluation and testing show that the implemented system achieves clock synchronization accuracy of 20 µs based on satellite timing, with the power consumption less than 10 W. Marine audio recognition is completed based on the TensorFlow Lite convolutional neural network model with the size of 4 M and the speed of 2-3 s. The monitoring platform can combine multiple nodes for underwater audio monitoring, simultaneously collect underwater acoustic data synchronously and process necessary algorithms. Moreover, the algorithm can choose traditional processing algorithm or deploy convolutional neural network for more complex functions, so it has broad development prospects.