Abstract:
The Yellow and Bohai Seas have unique natural environment and dynamic characteristics. Influenced by the East Asian monsoon system, their circulation system exhibits strong seasonality. Wind stress is a key parameter for understanding their atmospheric and oceanic physical processes. Among the existing wind stress parameterization schemes, the S09 model, which considers wave effects, agrees well with observational results. This study utilizes the CROCO (Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model) numerical model to examine the impacts of two wind stress calculation schemes: the S09 that incorporates wave-induced stress and the traditional COARE3.0 scheme, on the simulation of temperature field of the Yellow and Bohai Seas. The sea surface temperature (SST) and vertical temperature structure simulated using the model's original COARE3.0 wind stress parameterization show good consistency with observational data, except some local discrepancies, exhibiting the model's reliability and accuracy. Due to the dominance of wind waves, the wind stress calculated using the S09 scheme is generally about 0.013 N/m
2 higher than that calculated using the COARE3.0 scheme throughout the year. A comparison of the simulated sea temperature in the Yellow and Bohai Seas in 2020 using the two schemes with measured data indicates that the basin-averaged SST and vertical temperature simulated with the S09 scheme are approximately 0.5 °C lower than those using the COARE3.0 scheme, being closer to observations. The average bias and mean absolute bias of SST decrease by approximately 0.64 °C and 0.23 °C, respectively, while the average bias of vertical temperature decreases by 0.76 °C and the mean absolute bias decreases by 0.47 °C. These results suggest that the S09 wind stress calculation scheme, which considers wave-induced stress, can effectively improve the simulation accuracy of numerical ocean circulation models for seawater temperature field.