Abstract:
The Yellow and Bohai Seas have unique natural environments and dynamic characteristics. Influenced by the East Asian monsoon system, their circulation system exhibits strong seasonality. Wind stress is a key parameter for understanding atmospheric and oceanic physical processes. Among the existing wind stress parameterization schemes, the S09 model, which considers wave effects, aligns well with observational results. This study utilizes the CROCO (Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model) numerical model to examine the impacts of two wind stress calculation schemes: one incorporating wave-induced stress (S09) and the traditional COARE3.0 scheme: on the simulation of temperature fields in the Yellow and Bohai Seas. The sea surface temperature (SST) and vertical temperature structure simulated using the model's original COARE3.0 wind stress parameterization show good consistency with observational data, with only local discrepancies, ensuring the model's reliability and accuracy. Due to the dominance of wind waves, the wind stress calculated using the S09 scheme is generally about 0.013 N/m
2 higher than that from the COARE3.0 scheme throughout the year. A comparison of the simulated sea temperatures for the Yellow and Bohai Seas in 2020 using both schemes with measured data indicates that the basin-averaged SST and vertical temperature simulations from the S09 scheme are approximately 0.5 °C lower than those from the COARE3.0 scheme, making them closer to the observed data. The average bias and mean absolute bias of SST decreased by approximately 0.64 °C and 0.23 °C, respectively, while the average bias of vertical temperature decreased by 0.76 °C and the mean absolute bias decreased by 0.47 °C. These results confirm that the S09 wind stress calculation scheme, which considers wave-induced stress, can effectively improve the simulation accuracy of ocean circulation numerical models for seawater temperature fields.