风应力对黄渤海温度场模拟的影响

The Impact of Wind Stress on the Simulation of the Temperature Field in the Yellow and Bohai Seas

  • 摘要: 黄渤海具有独特自然环境和动力学特征。受东亚季风系统的影响,其环流系统具有很强的季节性。风应力是理解大气和海洋物理过程的关键参数。现有风应力参数化方案中,考虑海浪效应的S09模型与观测结果符合较好。本研究利用CROCO(Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model)数值模式,分别考虑加入波致应力的S09风应力计算方案和传统的COARE3.0方案,考察它们对黄渤海温度场模拟的影响。采用模式内部原本的COARE3.0风应力参数化方案模拟的海表温度(SST)、温度垂向结构等物理量与观测结果具有较为良好的一致性,仅存在局部的差异,确保了模式的可靠性和准确性。由于受到风浪主导的影响,S09方案计算得到的风应力全年整体上比COARE3.0方案的结果增大约0.013 N/m2。分别将采用两种方案计算的黄渤海2020年全年模拟海温与实测数据进行对比,结果表明,与COARE3.0方案的结果相比,S09方案的海盆平均SST和垂向海温模拟下降约0.5 °C,与实测数据更为接近;SST平均偏差和平均绝对偏差分别下降约0.64 °C和0.23 °C,垂向温度平均偏差降低0.76 °C,平均绝对偏差降低0.47 °C。该结果证实,考虑波致应力的S09风应力计算方案能够有效提高海洋环流数值模式对海水温度场的模拟精度。

     

    Abstract: The Yellow and Bohai Seas have unique natural environments and dynamic characteristics. Influenced by the East Asian monsoon system, their circulation system exhibits strong seasonality. Wind stress is a key parameter for understanding atmospheric and oceanic physical processes. Among the existing wind stress parameterization schemes, the S09 model, which considers wave effects, aligns well with observational results. This study utilizes the CROCO (Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model) numerical model to examine the impacts of two wind stress calculation schemes: one incorporating wave-induced stress (S09) and the traditional COARE3.0 scheme: on the simulation of temperature fields in the Yellow and Bohai Seas. The sea surface temperature (SST) and vertical temperature structure simulated using the model's original COARE3.0 wind stress parameterization show good consistency with observational data, with only local discrepancies, ensuring the model's reliability and accuracy. Due to the dominance of wind waves, the wind stress calculated using the S09 scheme is generally about 0.013 N/m2 higher than that from the COARE3.0 scheme throughout the year. A comparison of the simulated sea temperatures for the Yellow and Bohai Seas in 2020 using both schemes with measured data indicates that the basin-averaged SST and vertical temperature simulations from the S09 scheme are approximately 0.5 °C lower than those from the COARE3.0 scheme, making them closer to the observed data. The average bias and mean absolute bias of SST decreased by approximately 0.64 °C and 0.23 °C, respectively, while the average bias of vertical temperature decreased by 0.76 °C and the mean absolute bias decreased by 0.47 °C. These results confirm that the S09 wind stress calculation scheme, which considers wave-induced stress, can effectively improve the simulation accuracy of ocean circulation numerical models for seawater temperature fields.

     

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