基于锚系观测的春季琼州海峡水体输运特征研究

Water Volume Transport Across the Qiongzhou Strait in Spring Based on Mooring Observation

  • 摘要: 基于2023年春季琼州海峡锚系观测和断面实测数据,对琼州海峡潮流动力特征以及水体输运规律进行研究。通过功率谱与调和分析发现,海峡内主要存在全日潮(O1分潮)、半日潮(M2分潮)和三分之一日潮(M3分潮)三种周期类型的潮流,其中以全日潮为主,振幅比为1.00∶0.40∶0.19。潮流椭圆长轴方向大致与岸线平行,O1分潮最大振幅位于表层,上层水体呈顺时针旋转,近底层呈逆时针旋转;M2分潮和M3分潮分别为全水深逆时针和顺时针旋转。余流结果显示,春季琼州海峡水体输运方向以西向为主,输运量为0.05 Sv~0.10 Sv(1 Sv=106 m3/s),平均值约为(0.04±0.04) Sv。受海峡两端海面高度差、流场变化等因素影响,琼州海峡余流会出现东向流。研究结果为北部湾与南海之间的水交换提供了科学依据。

     

    Abstract: Using mooring and sectional observations in spring of 2023, this study investigates the tidal current characteristics and water volume transport in the Qiongzhou Strait. Results show that there are three dominant tides in the strait, i.e., diurnal (O1), semi-diurnal (M2), and third-diurnal (M3) tides, of which the diurnal tide is strongest, and their amplitude ratios is 1.0 : 0.40 : 0.19. The major axes of tidal current ellipses generally aligns with coastline, with maximum amplitudes occurring at sea surface. The ellipses rotate clockwise (counterclockwise) in upper (lower) layer for O1, but clockwise for M2 and counterclockwise for M3 in entire water volume. The water volume transport associated with residual current across the strait is primarily westward, varying between −0.10 Sv and 0.05 Sv, with an average of (−0.04±0.04) Sv. With variation of sea surface height difference and background currents at the two ends of the strait, eastward residual flow was observed during late period of the observation. Our results will be helpful to understand the seasonal variability of water exchange between the Beibu Gulf and the South China Sea.

     

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