Abstract: The modern Huanghe delta has experienced frequent shifts in its terminal channels, resulting in highly complex scouring and silting processes of the submarine topography on the subaqueous delta. However, since the diversion at Qing 8 in 1996, the channel has gradually stabilized. Coupled with the periodic implementation of water-sediment regulation projects, the flux of water and sediment into the sea has become increasingly consistent year by year. As a result, the high variability in subaqueous delta topography caused by earlier channel shifts has undergone fundamental changes. Based on multi-period bathymetric data from 1964 to 2020 and combined with the stretched exponential function, this study systematically quantifies the scouring-silting patterns and equilibrium profile characteristics of the modern Huanghe subaqueous delta. The findings are as follows: ① During active channel periods, the Diaokou River mouth area experienced rapid siltation, leading to significant elevation of the surrounding submarine topography, with a maximum uplift of approximately 3 m. After channel abandonment, the area underwent rapid erosion, with a maximum erosion depth exceeding 6 m. ② By constructing a double exponential model, it was determined that the bathymetric profile of the sedimentation-dominated area, represented by the current river mouth, typically exhibits a "gentle nearshore slope–sharp mid-section decline–stable offshore zone" pattern. Within 35–40 km offshore, water depth often drops by more than 5 m. In contrast, the erosion-dominated area near the Diaokou River mouth displays a "double-steep slope" bathymetric profile. Influenced by different scouring-silting environments, the average baseline water depth in the northern erosional area (22.54 m) is significantly greater than that in the eastern sedimentation area (15.59 m). ③ Channel shifts and sharp reductions in water and sediment discharges are the primary factors influencing topographic changes in the subaqueous delta. Regional hydrodynamic scouring plays an important role in reshaping nearshore bathymetry, while sediment consolidation and subsidence accelerate the nearshore erosion process. Therefore, clarifying the scouring-silting dynamics and equilibrium profile characteristics of the Huanghe subaqueous delta is not only crucial for understanding the delta’s evolutionary processes, but also provides theoretical guidance for managing geological hazards such as coastal erosion.