基于立体摄影的水位测量技术研究及实验检验

Research on the Technology of Tidal Level Measurement Based on Stereoscopic Photography

  • 摘要: 本文发展了一种无需海面控制点的立体摄影水位测量技术。该技术首先基于短时间内拍摄的影像对序列,确定平均海面附近的一个等势面P及重力方向;然后利用立体摄影海浪测量技术测量海面位移变化,进一步确定平均海面与等势面之间的关系,从而实现水位高程测量。基于此,本文构建了立体摄影水位测量的几何模型,提出各个环节的控制方程及其具体算法,并结合一组实测数据,详细阐述了几何模型各重要环节的计算过程和结果。通过在渤海石油平台开展的为期26 d的现场实验,验证了该技术的准确性与实效性。实验结果表明,与传统水位计测量结果相比,水位差绝对值小于2 cm的测量点占比50%,小于4 cm的测量点占比73.6%,小于6 cm的测量点占比88.8%,而水位差绝对值大于8 cm的测量点仅占比4.5%,充分证明该技术测量精度较高,可行性较强。该技术无需海面控制点,操作简便,不易受渔业活动干扰,可在一定程度上弥补现有水位监测技术的不足。

     

    Abstract: This research develops a tidal level measurement technique based on stereosopic photography, which does not require any sea surface control points. Firstly, the technique determines an equipotential surface P and gravity direction near the true average sea surface with a sequence of images collected in a short period of time, and then uses stereoscopic photography wave measurement technology to measure the sea surface displacement changes caused by waves to further determine the relationship between the average sea surface and equipotential surface, thus achieves tidal level variation. The research presents a geometric model of stereoscopic photography for tidal level measurement as well as the control equations and corresponding algorithms for each part of the model. Based on a 26-day validation experiment conducted on the Bohai Sea oil platform, a set of experimental image sequences, the calculation method and results of the model were verified in details. It shows that, compared to traditional tidal level gauge measurements, 50% of measurement points have measurement errors within 2 cm, 73.6% of them have measurement errors within 4 cm, 88.8% of them are within 6cm, and only 4.5% of them are greater than 8 cm, demonstrating the accuracy and feasibility of this technology. Since the technology does not require calibration of sea surface control points, its is easier to operate, more economical, and not easily damaged by fishing activities, and thus can compensate some shortcomings of traditional tidal level monitoring equipment.

     

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