Abstract: In the present study,laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) was employed to investigate single cell growth and dynamic changes of life materials inside and outside cell of psychrophilic petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium Shewanella sp.NJ49 isolated from Antarctica.This bacterium can degraded diesel,n-hexadecane and other petroleum hydrocarbons with high efficiency at low temperature;long straight chain hydrocarbons can be decomposed into short straight chain hydrocarbons;The result of Raman spectrum showed that the main signals detected were proteins and carbohydrate signals,and less was lipid signal.The Raman intensity at 1514\mathrm~cm^-1 represented \beta-carotene which involved in the regulation of membrane fluidity in Antarctic bacteria for adaptation in Antactica environment of extreme low temperature.