Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is a kind of post-transcriptional gene silencing phenomenon of the specific nucleotide sequence in eukaryotic organisms, and is considered to have the inhibition capacity of virus replication. Recent studies showed that sequence-specific double-stranded RNA may induce strong antiviral response in shrimp, which indicate a kind of mechanism like RNAi may exist in shrimp. The application development of RNAi technique to inhibit shrimp virus replication is summarized, the possibility of antiviral therapy based on the RNAi is prospected.