Abstract: The marine high-resolution short-offset seismic detection methodology has some significant benefits including high precision, adaptable operation techniques, and extensive adaptability, making it particularly effective for high-precision identification of shallow gas hydrates and delineation of near-seabed stratigraphic sequences. Due to inherent limitations of currently available research and development equipments, the original seismic data has obvious weakness such as a low signal-to-noise ratio and subpar imaging quality. Key challenges include severe background noise, significant ghost reflections induced by cable immersion depth and dominant frequency, and a lack of adherence to hyperbolic variation rules for signal reflection time-distance due to unstable cable positioning. To address these issues, we utilize key methodologies such as "pre-stack multi-domain noise suppression technology", "F-K ghost wave suppression technique", and "cable floating correction technology based on coherence function control". With successive iterations, the processed seismic sections display an improved signal-to-noise ratio, distinct wave group features, and strong continuity in formation reflections, sufficiently meeting the requirements for shallow geological structure identification and stratigraphic sequence division.