南海北部陆坡海域第二模态内孤立波统计特征
Statistical Analysis of the Second- mode Internal Solitary Wave in the Continental Slope Area of the North-ern South China Sea
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摘要: 根据南海北部陆坡海域潜标观测数据,对该海域第二模态内孤立波统计特征进行分析。观测期间共发现72个第二模态内孤立波,包含101 个第二模态内孤立波孤立子。该海域第二模态内孤立波以凸型为主,且最大振幅多为下凹振幅,占79.2%。KdV 方程波速计算结果表明,波速可用三角函数描述,整体表现为夏季大、冬季小,且第二模态内孤立波流速呈明显的三层结构。最大流速深度及人工判别得到的上下层转向深度的统计结果表明:上层内波流流速转向平均深度约为97.7m,中层内波流最大流速深度约为134.6m,下层内波流转向平均深度约为204.2m,内波流最大流速多发生在中层,流向主要为西北向,流速主要分布于0.2~0.8 m·s-1 区间范围内,占82.2%;上层流向主要为东南向,流速主要分布于0~0.6m·s-1区间范围内,占98.0%;中层流向主要为西北向,流速主要分布于0.2~0.8m·s-1区间范围内,占93.1%;下层流向主要为东南向,流速主要分布于0~0.4m·s-1区间范围内,占94.1%。本文系统性地给出了南海北部陆坡海域第二模态内孤立波统计特征,可为相关研究、水下航行及工程应用提供重要的资料和参考。Abstract: The mode-2 internal solitary waves in the continental slope region of northern South China Sea are analyzed based on the mooring-observed ocean current data. During the observation period, a total of 72 mode-2 solitary waves were found, which includes 101 mode-2 solitons. The mode-2 internal solitary waves are mainly upward in upper layer and downward in lower layer, and the maximum amplitude occurs mostly in the downward part, which accounts for 79.2%. The wave speed is calculated with the KdV equation and can be described with cosine function, which is large in summer and small in winter. From the velocityprofile, it can be found that the solitary wave velocity of the second mode has an obvious three- layer structure. In this paper,the maximum velocity depth and the turning depth of the upper and lower layers are calculated by manual discrimination. The statistical results show that the average turning depth of the upper internal wave flow is at 97.7 m, the maximum velocity depth of the middle internal wave flow is at 134.6m,and the average depth of the lower internal wave flow is at 204.2 m. The maximum flow velocity mostly occurred in the middle layer,accounting for 82.2%. The upper flow direction was mainly southeastward, and the velocity was mainly in the range of 0-0.6 m·s-1,accounting for 98.0%. The middle flow direction was mainly northwestward, and the velocity was mainly in the range of 0.2-0.8 m·s-1,accounting for 93.1%. The flow direction of the lower layer is mainly southeastward, and the velocity is mainly in the rangeof0-0.4 m. s7', accounting for 94.1%. This paper systematically presents the statistical characteristics of mode-2 solitary waves in the continental slope region of northern South China Sea, which provides a reference for future research.