Abstract: Environmental biotechnology is a marginal discipline which was only defined 20 years ago. It means mankind use microbial communities to provide services to society, and the science core of environmental biotechnology is microbial biocenology, which seeks to understand complex, self-assembling communities of microorganisms in terms of what micro-organisms are present, what reactions are possible, what reactions are actually occurring, and what are the interactions among the different microorganisms. The article introduces the application of environmental biotechnology in pollution treatment of water-soilplant systems in China coastal zones, and proposed its developmental strategies.