Abstract: Based on the measured data of the Arctic Ocean obtained for the first time using the Sound Velocity Profiler during Chinese 9th Arctic Scientific Expedition, the structure of the sound velocity profile, the sound velocity spring layer and the sound velocity homogeneous layer are analyzed. The study reveals two distinct characteristics in the distribution of sound velocity profiles in the surveyed area, separated by a depth of 500 meters, with significant differences observed in the profiles above 500 meters. The measured minimum sound velocity is 1 426.5 m/s and the maximum is 1 512.5 m/s, with the minimum exceeding the national standard range (1 430-l 550 m/s). Except for the site R20, all other 30 observation sites have observed the sound velocity spring layers. The number, depth, and thickness of the sound velocity homogeneous layers vary at each site. The types of sound velocity profile are complex and exceed the types defined in existing standards. The causes of sound velocity profile types are mainly affected by water temperature, salinity, and depth, with temperature changes having the most significant impact on sound velocity. The stable emergence of surface warm water and deep Atlantic water, as well as the unstable presence of residual AWW (Arctic Winter Water), ACW (Alaskan Coastal Water), sBSW (Bering Sea Summer Water), and wBSW (Bering Sea Winter Water), are the causes for the formation of various new types of vertical sound velocity distribution.